Learning grammatical categories from distributional cues: Flexible frames for language acquisition |
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| Authors: | Michelle C. St. Clair Padraic Monaghan Morten H. Christiansen |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;2. Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK;3. Cornell University, Ithaca, USA;1. Haskins Laboratories, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;2. Neurobiology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;3. Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;4. Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton St., Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK;1. Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany;3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany;4. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA;5. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA;6. University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;7. Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK |
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| Abstract: | Performance in a behavioral task can be facilitated by associating stimulus properties with reward. In contrast, conflicting information is known to impede task performance. Here we investigated how reward associations influence the within-trial processing of conflicting information using a color-naming Stroop task in which a subset of ink colors (task-relevant dimension) was associated with monetary incentives. We found that color-naming performance was enhanced on trials with potential-reward versus those without. Moreover, in potential-reward trials, typical conflict-induced performance decrements were attenuated if the incongruent word (task-irrelevant dimension) was unrelated to reward. In contrast, incongruent words that were semantically related to reward-predicting ink colors interfered with performance in potential-reward trials and even more so in no-reward trials, despite the semantic meaning being entirely task-irrelevant. These observations imply that the prospect of reward enhances the processing of task-relevant stimulus information, whereas incongruent reward-related information in a task-irrelevant dimension can impede task performance. |
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