Reference frames during the acquisition and development of spatial memories |
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| Authors: | Jonathan W Kelly Timothy P McNamara |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, W112 Lagomarcino Hall, Ames, IA 50011-3180, United States;2. Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, PMB 407817, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817, United States;1. Spatial Intelligence and Learning Center, Northwestern University, 2120 Campus Drive, Suite 162, Evanston, IL, 60208-2710, USA;2. Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-2710, USA;1. Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA;2. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA;3. Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China;1. Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, United States;2. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, United States;3. Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, China;1. Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children''s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;2. Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA, USA;3. Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA;4. Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Four experiments investigated the role of reference frames during the acquisition and development of spatial knowledge, when learning occurs incrementally across views. In two experiments, participants learned overlapping spatial layouts. Layout 1 was first studied in isolation, and Layout 2 was later studied in the presence of Layout 1. The Layout 1 learning view was manipulated, whereas the Layout 2 view was held constant. Manipulation of the Layout 1 view influenced the reference frame used to organize Layout 2, indicating that reference frames established during early environmental exposure provided a framework for organizing locations learned later. Further experiments demonstrated that reference frames established after learning served to reorganize an existing spatial memory. These results indicate that existing reference frames can structure the acquisition of new spatial memories and that new reference frames can reorganize existing spatial memories. |
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