Testing the theory of embodied cognition with subliminal words |
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| Authors: | Ulrich Ansorge Markus Kiefer Shah Khalid Sylvia Grassl Peter König |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, Universität Wien, Austria;2. Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Germany;3. Department of Psychiatry, Universität Ulm, Germany;1. M.I.N.D. (Media Interface & Network Design) Lab, S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States;2. Department of Computer Science, School of Humanities and Sciences, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States;3. Department of Interaction Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 110-745, Republic of Korea;1. School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia;2. Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia;1. School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK;2. Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, UK;1. Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, University of Messina, Via Concezione, 6/8, 98121 Messina, Italy;2. Scuola di Specializzazione in Psicoterapia Cognitiva, Associazione di Psicologia Cognitiva (APC) Viale Castro Pretorio, 116, 00185 Roma, Italy;3. School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;1. School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;2. School of Education and Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel;3. School of Education and School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel |
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| Abstract: | In the current study, we tested the embodied cognition theory (ECT). The ECT postulates mandatory sensorimotor processing of words when accessing their meaning. We test that prediction by investigating whether invisible (i.e., subliminal) spatial words activate responses based on their long-term and short-term meaning. Masking of the words is used to prevent word visibility and intentional elaboration of the words’ semantic content. In this way, masking specifically isolates mandatory sensorimotor processing of words as predicted by the ECT. Do spatial subliminal words activate responses nonetheless? In Experiment 1, we demonstrate a spatial congruence effect of the invisible words if they precede visible target words. In Experiment 2, we show that masked words activate responses based on their long-term meaning. In Experiment 3, we demonstrate that masked words are also processed according to their short-term response meaning. We conclude that the ECT is supported by our findings and discuss implications of our results for embodied theories of semantic word processing and masked priming experiments. |
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