3～5岁幼儿反事实思维的发展研究

该研究采用结果和前提反事实推理任务,选取58名3-5岁幼儿为被试,考察了其反事实思维能力的发展。结果表明:1.3岁儿童在结果反事实推理中的得分显著低于4岁和5岁儿童,而4岁和5岁儿童的得分并不存在显著差异;2.幼儿的前提反事实推理因结构和方向不同而表现出不同的年龄变化趋势;3.幼儿产生的上行和下行反事实论断之间不存在显著差异。如成人一样,幼儿较少产生减法反事实。

The Development of 3 - to 5 - year - old Children's Counterfactual Thinking

Data were collected to a sample of 58 3-to 5-year-old children to investigate the development of their counterfactual thinking using consequent counterfactual tasks and antecedent counterfactual tasks.The results indicated:(1) The scores of 3-year-old children's consequent counterfactual reasoning were lower than that of 4 and 5-year-old children.But there was no significant difference between 4 and 5-year-old children's consequent counterfactual reasoning.(2) Significant difference existed in antecedent counterfactual reasoning in terms of direction and structure.(3) Young children who were able to generate counterfactual statement can generate both upward and downward counterfactuals equally well.Results also indicated that young children,similar to adults,generate fewer subtractive than additive counterfactuals.