人际互动中的“自我-他人”区分:多水平的探索

人际互动的根本问题在于我们如何在表征自身想法和感受的同时试图去理解他人的心理和情感状态, 以驾驭复杂的社交环境。最近研究发现个体主要通过模拟自我加工过程实现对他人的理解, 但这种自我加工以及心理模拟在一定程度上混淆了自我与他人。因此, 为进行成功的人际互动, 大脑必须灵活区分自我和他人相关的表征, 这种能力被称为“自我-他人”区分(self-other distinction, SOD)。通过探讨感知、动作、认知以及情感等不同加工水平社会认知过程中的“自我-他人”区分及相应的研究范式, 实现对人际互动过程更全面而深入的理解, 为改善社会认知、情感障碍以及自闭症的干预提供依据。在此基础上, 提出了具体的研究展望。

The self-other distinction in interpersonal interaction: A multi-level exploration

The fundamental problem with interpersonal interaction is how we can understand others’ mental and emotional states while characterizing our own concurrent thoughts and feelings to navigate the complex social world efficiently. Recent studies have showed that individuals understand others mainly by simulating self-processing processes; however, such self-processing and mental simulations confuse the self with others to some extent. Therefore, the brain needs to be able to differentiate between the representation of self and others flexibly to carry out successful interpersonal interactions. This ability is known as self-other distinction (SOD). In the present study, various cognitive operations at different processing levels that require SOD, such as perception, action, cognition, and emotion, as well as the research paradigm applicable to the corresponding field, were reviewed. The study of SOD may be more conducive to comprehensively understand the interpersonal interaction process. Furthermore, it can be a useful intervention to improve social cognition, affective disorder, and people with autism. In addition to focusing on the paradigm, internal mechanism, and influencing factors, this study puts forward the prospects for further research emphasizing interventions for special populations.