The Effects of Visual Orientation with the Removal of Hunger and Food on the Maze Learning Ability of the White Rat

In a test of the hypothesis that coding used for recall is a dynamic process that changes in accordance with operational structures, 50 men and women university students participated in two task sessions: (a) formal operations and recall and (b) recall one month later. Significant correlations supported the basic hypothesis. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance indicated significant main effects for formal operational thinking and for the quality of discovered problems but showed no interaction between each of these variables and time. Analysis of Ss' responses to the discovered problems task raised questions about the type of subjective organization in evidence at the formal operations level