Progress in the Use of English after 22 Years by Children of Chinese Ancestry in Honolulu

In performing an ordering-for-search task, 70 kindergarten, 140 second, and 140 fourth grade boys and girls used category membership of items more frequently if they had previously observed a presentation of the items grouped by category than if they had manipulated the items themselves. However, the latter was more helpful than prior observation of the items in random order, except for kindergartners. Category membership was used as frequently with words as with photos, not only in the ordering-for-search task, but in a delayed recall task as well. Type of material had only a few specific effects on performance of these tasks.