Temporal dynamics of interference in Simon and Eriksen tasks considered within the context of a dual-process model |
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| Authors: | Karen L. Mansfield Maurits W. van der Molen Michael Falkenstein Geert J.M. van Boxtel |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Postbus 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands;2. Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystra. 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany;4. Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129 (Building D), 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Behavioral and brain potential measures were employed to compare interference in Eriksen and Simon tasks. Assuming a dual-process model of interference elicited in speeded response tasks, we hypothesized that only lateralized stimuli in the Simon task induce fast S–R priming via direct unconditional processes, while Eriksen interference effects are induced later via indirect conditional processes. Delays to responses for incongruent trials were indeed larger in the Eriksen than in the Simon task. Only lateralized stimuli in the Simon task elicited early S–R priming, maximal at parietal areas. Incongruent flankers in the Eriksen task elicited interference later, visible as a lateralized N2. Eriksen interference also elicited an additional component (N350), which accounted for the larger behavioral interference effects in the Eriksen task. The findings suggest that interference and its resolution involve different processes for Simon and Eriksen tasks. |
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| Keywords: | Eriksen flanker task Simon task Dual-process model Cognitive control ERPs Lateralized N2 |
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