大学生工作记忆容量对图形推理影响的眼动研究

采用眼动技术,选取瑞文图形推理测验作为实验材料,探讨工作记忆对于图形推理过程的影响。实验为2(工作记忆容量:高、低)×2(性别:男、女)×3(题目难度:高、中、低)的混合实验设计。以扫视时间、眼跳幅度、注视次数、扫视次数、瞳孔直径为因变量指标。实验结果表明:第一,不同性别大学生进行图形推理过程的眼动模式有一定差异,但这种差异并非由工作记忆差异所导致,而是图形推理策略不同所引起;第二,工作记忆容量高低影响图形推理过程,由于工作记忆影响注意资源分配,从而工作记忆容量高低不同会导致采用不同的策略进行图形推理,不仅影响工作记忆推理过程,也导致推理成绩的差异。这些结果能为学生选择适合自己的学习策略、因材施教以及考试测评提供依据。

The Study on Eye Movements in Figure Reasoning of Students Holding Different Working Memory Capacity

By using eyelinkⅡ,the effect of reasoning process for graphics and working memory on eye movement control was explored in this paper.The experimental design was 2(working memory:high vs.low)×2(sex:male vs.female)×3(difficulty:hard vs.medium vs.easy).The duration of saccade,amplitude of saccade,counts of fixation,counts of saccade and pupil diameter were analyzed.The results indicated that the male university students had different eye movement pattems compared to the female ones.The difference resulted from the graphic reasoning strategies but not working memory.Moreover,the working memory capacity influenced the graphic processing and resulted in the reasoning performance.Above results can provide theoretical basis on learning strategies,individualized teaching and school examination assessment.