Flying under pressure: Effects of anxiety on attention and gaze behavior in aviation |
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| Institution: | 1. Health Informatics Postgraduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Human Movement Science Postgraduate Program, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil;4. Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands;5. Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences Amsterdam, the Netherlands;6. Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK;7. Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, UK;1. Flight Simulation and Training Devices Unit, Cognitive Technologies and Services SRL, Catania, Italy;2. Doctorate School of Neuroscience, University of Catania, Catania, Italy;3. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy;4. School of Computing and Mathematics, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom;1. Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Aviation and Maritime Transportation Management, Chang Jung Christian University, No. 1 Changda Road, Tainan City 711, Taiwan, ROC;1. Cognitive Ergonomics Group, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain;2. Université Paris 8, Vincennes – St. Denis, 2 rue de la Liberté, 93200 Saint-Denis, France;3. CHArt/LUTIN (EA 4004), Cité des Sciences et de l''Industrie de la Villette, 30 Avenue Corentin Cariou, 75930 Paris, France;1. U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C, USA;2. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;3. U.S. Naval Aerospace Medical Institute, Pensacola, FL, USA |
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| Abstract: | Landing an aircraft is a complex task that requires effective attentional control in order to be successful. The present study examined how anxiety may influence gaze behavior during the performance of simulated landings. Participants undertook simulated landings in low visibility conditions which required the use of cockpit instruments in order to obtain guidance information. Landings were performed in either anxiety or control conditions, with anxiety being manipulated using a combination of ego-threatening instructions and monetary incentives. Results showed an increase in percentage dwell time toward the outside world in the anxiety conditions. Visual scanning entropy, which is the predictability of visual scanning behavior, showed an increase in the randomness of scanning behavior when anxious. Furthermore, change in scanning randomness from the pre-test to anxiety conditions positively correlated with both the change in cognitive anxiety and change in performance error. These results support the viewpoint that anxiety can negatively affect attentional control. |
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| Keywords: | Anxiety Visual scanning Entropy Attentional control Eye-tracking |
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