RESPONSE TO WILLIAMS: SELFISHNESS IS NOT ENOUGH |
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Authors: | Michael Ruse |
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Affiliation: | Michael Ruse is professor of history and philosophy at the University of Guelph, Ontario. Canada N1G 2W1. |
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Abstract: | Abstract. I agree with George Williams's most significant point: both questions and answers about our moral natures lie in our biological origins. He fails, however, to show that nature is morally evil and that therefore we should vigilantly resist it. The products of evolution are morally neutral, but the human moral sense is arguably a positive good. Morality is functional. It does not require ultimate justification in the sense of correspondence with or attack upon reality "out there." It is an adaptation "intended" to make us social, and sociality—with its sense of right and wrong—makes us fitter than otherwise |
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Keywords: | adaptation moral sense naturalistic fallacy selfishness theodicy |
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