邪恶的两张面孔:根本的邪恶和平庸的邪恶——汉娜·阿伦特对极权主义制度下的邪恶现象的批判

汉娜.阿伦特对极权主义制度下的邪恶现象有两种表述方式,即“根本的邪恶”和“平庸的邪恶”。前者的根本特征表现为破坏了人类发展和和进步的概念,致力于把人变成多余的人的事业,以及消灭了人的法律人格、道德人格以及作为个体的人;后者的特征体现为无思想和肤浅性。阿伦特为思考极权主义专制制度下邪恶现象产生的根源以及个人应该担负何种道德责任提供了一种全新的视角,从而为建立一种以思想为核心的个人责任伦理提供了理论上的可能。

Two Faces of Evil: the Radical Evil and the Banality of Evil

Hannah Arendt used two different expressions to describe the phenomenon of the evil under totalitarianism, that is, the radical evil and the banality of evil. The fundamental characters of the former include destroying the concept of development and progress of human being, devoting to the enterprise of making people superfluous, eliminating the juridical person in man, the moral person in man and the man as individual. The characters of the latter embody in thoughtlessness and shallowness. Arendt offered a new kind of angle of view to think the origin of phenomenon of evil and the moral responsibility which the person should burden under the totalitarianism; therefore she provided a theoretic possibility towards an ethics of personal responsibility that its core is thinking.