压力使人短视?来自跨期决策的证据

跨期决策是指个体对不同时间点上的收益或损失进行的权衡和选择。本研究探讨了日常慢性压力知觉和实验室急性压力操作对跨期决策的影响。研究一通过问卷调查发现高压力感与跨期决策中的短期偏好有关;研究二采用社会压力测试范式(TSST)在实验室进行压力操作,同样发现压力组被试比控制组更偏好"小而近"的选项。研究认为,压力使人在跨期决策中倾向于短视选择,可能与双系统激活模式和自我控制资源损耗有关。

The Effect of Stress on Intertemporal Choice

Intertemporal choices are decisions that involve tradeoff among gains and losses occurring at different time. The purpose of this research is to explore the effect of stress on intertemporal choice. Two studies were conducted to examine whether daily chronic stress and laboratory acute stress cause myopic choices. In study 1, we carried out a questionnaire survey to explore the relationship between perceived stress and intertemporal choice. In study 2, subjects＇ feeling of tension and anxiety were activated by the procedure of Trier Social Stress Test（TSST）. The results showed that, （1） people with high chronic stress in daily life are inclined to choose smaller sooner rewards, （2） acute stress also has similar effect on subjects＇ choice. The higher stress one feels in task, the more myopic he or she is. It is con cluded that people＇s myopic choice is related to high level stress ,which can be predicted by the theo ry of coolhot system and egodepletion of selfcon trol resources.