Effect of novel experiences on retention of inhibitory avoidance behavior in mice: the influence of previous exposure to the same or another experience |
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| Authors: | I Izquierdo J L McGaugh |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;2. Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK;3. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK;4. Department of Neuroscience and Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;5. Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Providence, RI 02912, USA;6. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany;7. Institute of for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany;8. Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany;9. Riken Brain Science Institute, Wako-Shi, Japan;10. Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS-AMU, Marseille, France;1. Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain;2. Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;3. Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;4. Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Unit, Rede de Infraestructuras de Apoio á Investigación e ao Desenvolvemento Tecnolóxico (RIAIDT), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;5. Cardiovascular Genetics Center, IDIBGI, University of Girona, Girona, Spain;6. Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain;7. Cardiac Genetics Unit, Hospital Josep Trueta, University of Girona, Girona, Spain;8. Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Mice were trained and tested in a step-through inhibitory avoidance task with a 24-h interval between training and testing. At one of several intervals prior to the test session (9 h, 6 h, 3 h, or 6 min), they were given one of the following novel experiences: 4 min in a small Plexiglas box containing an empty water bottle, or 4 min hanging from the wire mesh ceiling of a large Plexiglas box. When given 3 h or 6 min before testing, both novel experiences enhanced retention test performance. The effect was antagonized by naltrexone and mimicked by an administration of beta-endorphin 6 min prior to testing. Thus, the findings are consistent with previous evidence suggesting that the effects of novel experiences on retention test performance are due to an activation of the brain beta-endorphin system. When one of the novel experiences given 3 h or 6 min prior to testing was preceded by the same experience given 6 h earlier retention test performance was not enhanced. Thus, the enhancing effect is obtained only if the experience is novel. Further, an experience given prior to retention testing did not affect performance if either the same or a different experience was given 3 h earlier. This finding is consistent with previous evidence indicating that following a novel experience, the brain beta-endorphin remains unresponsive for several hours. These results provide additional evidence that novel experiences prior to retention testing affect retention performance and provide additional support for the view that the effect may involve the release of beta-endorphin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
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