The influence of attention allocation and age on intersection accidents |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Studies of Hong Kong, Macao and Pearl River Delta, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, China;2. Department of Management Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong;3. Shanghai Finance Institute, Shanghai, China;4. China Center for Economic Research, National School of Development, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, China;1. BERTIN ERGONOMIE (Ergonomics & Human Factors Department of Bertin Technologies), 10 bis avenue Ampère, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France;2. Laboratoire CHART-LUTIN (Cognition Humaine & Artificielle EA 4004, Université Paris 8, EPHE Paris, Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie, Paris), Université Paris 8, 2 rue de la liberté, 93526 Saint Denis – Cedex 02, France;1. Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Psychology, Department of Research Methods and Biopsychology, Spielmannstr. 19, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;2. German Aerospace Center, Program Directorate Aeronautics, Lilienthalplatz 7, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany;1. Cerema, DITM-ERA34, 10 Chemin de la Poudrière, CS 90245, F-76121 Grand Quevilly Cedex, France;2. Université Paris-Est, IFSTTAR – CoSyS – LEPSIS, 14-20 Boulevard Newton, Cité Descartes, Champs sur Marne, F-77447 Marne La Vallée Cedex 2, France;1. Graduate School of Engineering, University of Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0396, Japan;2. Faculty of Engineering, University of Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0396, Japan;3. Industrial Management Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, 305-719, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Many severe accidents occur in urban areas. As part of the research project UR:BAN, this study investigated the causes of driver errors (e.g., inadequate attention allocation) in urban areas when turning left at intersections. As intersection accidents are especially difficult for older drivers, differences between older and younger drivers were examined as well. In a first step, accident protocols of left turn crashes with pedestrians and bicyclists were analysed in detail, since they are the most dangerous ones. Characteristics of the oncoming traffic and the location of crossing bicyclists and pedestrians were identified as possible causes. Accordingly, critical scenarios were implemented in a static driving simulator, varying the characteristics of the oncoming traffic, the direction and location of crossing vulnerable road users. These factors were examined in a within-subject design, with two different aged groups of participants (12 aged 20–35 y, 12 aged 65+ y; between-subjects factor).The results revealed that the presence of the oncoming traffic, which was assumed to capture the drivers’ attention, did not lead to more accidents with vulnerable road users. However, this may be because many drivers waited until the oncoming traffic had passed. Unexpectedly, older drivers had fewer accidents. This may be explained by the more cautious behaviour of older drivers, who drove significantly slower and waited significantly longer at the stop line before turning. Further analyses showed that a more cautious behaviour, independently of the age, predicted accident avoidance better than attention allocation. From these results, warning systems for younger and older drivers, especially for those not driving cautious, need to be developed. This idea will be tested in future studies introducing different warning concepts. |
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| Keywords: | Driving simulation Left-turn intersection accidents Driver age Gaze behaviour |
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