亲社会行为的认知过程及脑神经基础

亲社会行为是指有利于他人和社会的行为,包括合作、分享、助人、安慰等。亲社会行为产生主要涉及几种认知过程:对他人行为和情绪的注意、社会信息加工、对结果的奖赏预期、社会规范表征、自我控制、以及社会信息整合与价值计算等。基于这些认知过程,研究发现,亲社会行为主要与前脑岛和前扣带回、默认网络背内侧子系统、奖赏系统以及前额叶皮层等神经区域有关,因此提出亲社会行为共同的认知-脑神经回路。未来可以对亲社会行为脑神经基础的共性、功能连接以及跨文化研究等方面做进一步探讨。

The Cognitive Processes and Neural Bases of Prosocial Behavior

Prosocial behavior refers to the behaviors that bring benefits to other individuals or society. They include cooperation, sharing, helping others, and comforting others. When people are performing prosocial behaviors, the following cognitive processes are ongoing: paying attention to others' behaviors and emotions, social information processing, expecting rewards for the result, the representation of social norm, self-control, social information integration, calculating values, etc. Based on these cognitive processes, the studies found that prosocial behaviors are mainly linked to the following neural regions: anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsal medial subsystem of default mode network, reward system and the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, we proposed a cognitive-neural circuitry for prosocial behaviors. The commonalities, functional connections, and cross-cultural research of the neural basis of prosocial behaviors can be further explored in the future.