学前期儿童执行功能和语言的双向关系:社会经济地位的调节

采用追踪研究考察258名学前儿童执行功能与语言的双向关系，及二者关系是否受社会经济地位调节。交叉滞后结果表明，学前儿童语言发展与执行功能三个子成分（抑制控制、认知灵活性、工作记忆）存在双向关系；T1时儿童语言对T2时认知灵活性的预测作用受家庭社会经济地位调节：在高社会经济地位家庭中，T1时间儿童的语言能显著正向预测T2时认知灵活性，低社会经济地位家庭中预测作用不显著；其余双向关系中调节作用均不显著。本研究表明，学前儿童执行功能三个子成分与语言均存在双向关系，且社会经济地位在部分关系中起到调节作用。

The Reciprocal Relations between Executive Functions and Language Ability: The Moderating Effects of Socioeconomic Status

The present study explored reciprocal relations between three components of executive functions (EFs) and language ability respectively, as well as whether socioeconomic status (SES) moderate the relations. A total of 258 preschoolers (M_age=4.98, SD=0.74) were tested on three components of EFs and language ability at two time points over one year. Results showed that:(1) Three components of executive function-inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory at T1 could all predict language ability at T2; (2) Language ability at T1 could predict inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory at T2 respectively; (3) SES played a moderating role in some of the relations between executive functions and language ability. Specifically, language ability at T1 positively predicted cognitive flexibility at T2 when family SES was high. These findings indicate that there are reciprocal relations between three components of executive functions and language ability among preschoolers, and SES moderates some of the relations above.