前摄干扰对汉语听写困难儿童字形工作记忆的影响

字形工作记忆（O-WM）是书写加工过程中汉字部件的临时存储点，其重要功能之一是保证部件表征的区分性特征。关于汉语O-WM的研究主要来自脑损伤个案，目前还没有关于汉语听写困难儿童是否存在O-WM损伤的报道。本研究采用两个实验，分别探讨视觉和语音前摄干扰对听写困难儿童汉字部件再认的影响。结果发现：（1）听写困难儿童的部件判断存在视觉前摄干扰效应，而正常儿童没有表现出视觉前摄干扰效应（实验一）；（2）两组儿童均没有出现明显的语音前摄干扰效应（实验二）。该结果表明，汉语听写困难儿童O-WM在保证部件视觉表征的区分性功能上存在缺陷，并支持汉语O-WM中汉字部件的表征是以字形为基础的观点。

Proactive Interference Effects on the Orthographic-working Memory in Chinese Children with Spelling Difficulties

The orthographic working memory (O-WM) is the temporal storage of radicals during Chinese character writing. One of the key functions of O-WM is maintaining the representational distinctiveness of radicals. Literatures on the O-WM system of Chinese writing processes are mainly from the case studies on dysgraphia patients, O-WM deficits in Chinese children with spelling difficulties have rarely been reported. The present study investigated the visual and auditory proactive interference (PI) effects on radical recognition in two experiments separately. Results showed that:(1) the visual PI effect was found in children with spelling difficulties, but not in the control group (Exp.1); (2) the auditory PI effects were not observed in both groups (Exp.2). The results indicate that the visual representational distinctiveness function of O-WM is impaired in children with spelling difficulties, and support the view that Chinese radicals are represented in the O-WM on the basis of visual features.