Effortful processing deficits in children with reading and/or attention disorders |
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| Authors: | P T Ackerman J M Anhalt R A Dykman P J Holcomb |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203, Berlin;2. Charité, University Medicine Berlin , Department of Neurology; Motor Neuroscience Group, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 13353, Berlin;3. Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin;1. Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (Imperial PSTRC), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary''s Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK;2. Department of Surgery and Carolinas Simulation Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA;1. KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India;2. Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India;3. BITS, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;1. Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada;2. School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Three groups of educationally troublesome boys were contrasted with adequate students on several tasks tapping effortful processing. The nonhyperactive reading disabled (RD) group differed both from controls and two attention deficit disorder (ADD) groups, one with and one without hyperactivity (H), on aspects of a memory task involving acoustic and semantic associations. All three clinical groups differed from controls in memory for low-imagery as opposed to high-imagery words and in computational efficiency. A stepwise regression analysis to predict reading grade level showed age and WISC-R IQ to account for 38% of the variance with an additional 28% explained by the effortful task variables (multiple R = .83). It is theorized here that attentional disorder impedes automatization of number facts; and, inasmuch as RD children receive adverse attention ratings, even if not considered hyperactive, they, as well as ADD and H/ADD boys, exhibit this deficiency. |
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