The Army National Guard in OIF/OEF: Relationships among combat exposure,postdeployment stressors,social support,and risk behaviors |
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| Authors: | James Griffith Courtney West |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Ave., Providence, RI 02908, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;3. Butler Hospital, 455 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, RI 02906, USA;1. College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;2. Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, 111 Washington Avenue, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, 220 Ferris Drive, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA;1. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstrae 1-2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;2. Institute for Community Medicine, Department of Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University of Greifswald, Ellernholzstrae 1-2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;1. Department of Paediatric # 2, Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine;2. Department of Paediatric and of Paediatric Surgery, Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine;1. Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique, CHRU de Brest, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France;2. Service de chirurgie orthopédique, traumatologique et réparatrice, CHRU de Brest, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29609 Brest cedex, France;3. Service de chirurgie orthopédique pédiatrique, CHRU de Brest, 2, avenue Foch, 29609 Brest cedex, France;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women''s Hospital, Boston, MA |
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| Abstract: | With the continued operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, studies of the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and related symptoms are now common. However, lacking is how these symptoms relate to precipitating conditions and the mitigating effects of social support on these symptoms. This is particularly relevant for reserve military personnel, who have been shown to be greater at-risk for postdeployment problems. The present study examined questionnaire data obtained from Army National Guard (ARNG) units immediately after their return from deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan during 2010 (N = 4329 soldiers in 50 units). Findings showed few soldiers displayed risk behaviors (i.e., daily alcohol use, use of illicit drugs, suicide thoughts, and physically threatening others) during and after deployment. Those most likely to have more postdeployment risk behaviors were also those who showed more risk behaviors during deployment. A substantial percentage of soldiers reported combat exposure, postdeployment negative emotions, and postdeployment loss of a personal relationship. These reported outcomes were all related to increased risk behaviors after deployment. The buffering effect of social support on postdeployment risk behaviors was equally evident when data were examined individually and when grouped by unit memberships. Implications of findings for future research, practice, and policies are discussed. |
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