精神病态的家庭风险因素

精神病态(psychopathy)是一种个体表现在人际关系、情感、生活方式和反社会特征等方面的人格障碍, 其特征为自我中心、欺骗、冲动、缺乏共情、缺乏罪恶感等。以往研究偏向于精神病态的生理机制, 认为精神病态具有高度的遗传性, 近期越来越多的研究发现家庭因素对精神病态的重要影响。这些因素包括：产前风险因素、破碎家庭、不良的教养方式、不安全的亲子依恋关系和童年期虐待等。未来的研究应探讨家庭因素对各个精神病态亚型的作用机制, 探索抑制精神病态表达的保护性环境因子, 并构建精神病态的生物心理社会模型等。

Familial Risk Factors for Psychopathy

Psychopathy, characterized by egocentricity, deceptiveness, impulsiveness, lack of empathy and lack of guilt, was defined as a personality disorder with a cluster of interpersonal, affective, behavioral and antisocial traits. Previous studies on psychopathy with particular emphasis on the physiological mechanisms have shown that psychopathy was highly hereditary. However, more and more studies highlighted the effect of family factors on the psychopathy. These factors mainly include: prenatal risk factors, broken family, poor parenting, unsafe parent-child attachment and childhood abuse. Future researches should focus on exploring the mechanisms of familial factors on subtypes of psychopathy, finding protective environmental factors that inhibit psychopathic expression and developing the biopsychosocial model of psychopathy, etc.