熟悉性与回想分离的新证据

人们常常发现自己对某一情景有些熟悉, 但又想不起以前有关的经历。对这种熟悉感的理论解释, 一种观点认为熟悉感来自一种较弱的记忆形式, 与有回忆情况下的再认属于同一加工过程(single-process models, SPM)。另一种观点则认为, 熟悉感来自一种基于熟悉性的再认, 与基于回想的再认相互独立(dual-process theories, DPT)。在实验室, 评估熟悉性与回想是否相互独立的基本方法是寻找两者分离的证据。本文尝试梳理无线索回忆再认(recognition without cued recall, RWCR)范式的研究, 结果显示：熟悉性对某种特殊的概念加工和整体特征的知觉加工要比回想更加敏感, 并没有支持SPM关于回想和熟悉性各自对意义加工和局部特征的知觉加工更加敏感的推断。而且RWCR研究还观测到熟悉性与回想在行为和神经成像方面的实验性分离, 支持了DPT关于熟悉性与回想相互独立的推断。最后, 本文从熟悉性的深层机制和中英文材料对RWCR的不同影响出发, 对未来研究提出展望。

The New Evidence for Dissociations between Familiarity and Recollection

People often find themselves in a situation something seems a bit familiar to them, yet they fail to recall the related experience that happened in their lives before.. One theoretical explanation for the feelings of familiarity is that they result from a weaker form of the same process that produces recognition that occurs in the presence of recall (single-process models, SPM). An alternative theoretical explanation is that the feelings of familiarity result from the familiarity-based recognition that operates independently to the recollection-based recognition (dual-process theories, DPT). In the laboratory, the primary method of assessing the independence of recollection and familiarity is to look for dissociations between the two. In this article, attempt is made to tease apart the studies of recognition without cued recall paradigm (RWCRP). The results indicate that familiarity is more sensitive to some special conceptual and global-feature perceptual processes than recollection, thus rejecting the claim of SPM in showing that recollection and familiarity are preferentially sensitive to conceptual and partial-feature perceptual manipulations, respectively. And the behavioral and neuropsychological dissociations between recollection and familiarity are also observed by RWCR studies, which provide some support for this claim of DPT in showing that recollection and familiarity are mutually independent. Finally, the future research is put forward as to that the underlying processing mechanism of familiarity could be studied and Chinese words could be examined using RWCR method due to the difference between English and Chinese.