亲子关系、朋友关系影响问题行为的3种模型

家庭和同伴是影响个体发展的最重要的微系统, 是儿童青少年问题行为的重要影响因素,以往对上述问题的实证研究非常广泛, 但很零散。对前人研究的分析发现亲子关系、朋友关系影响问题行为有3种模型：独立模型、交互影响模型和间接效应模型, 然而这些模型及其有关研究仍存在诸多问题与不足, 如亲密关系测量指标不统一, 内外化问题行为研究不均衡, 评价主体单一化, 文化差异, 缺乏充分的追踪研究和实验设计等, 未来研究应对上述方面加以关注。

Three Models of Effects of Parent-Child Relationship and Friendship on Problematic Behaviors

Family and peers are not only the most important microsystems influencing personal development, but also particularly influential for adolescent problematic behaviors. Although extensive research has explored the main effect of parent-child relationship and friendship on adolescent adjustments, little is known of the relationship models among the three variables and their theoretical basis. The existing research is so fragmented that it’s necessary to integrate them. This paper first reviewed the previous research, and then analyzed three models of effects of parent-child relationship and friendship on individual’s problematic behaviors: the independence model, the interaction model and the indirect-effect model. Shortages of the three models and their related research were also discussed, such as inconsistent measure indexes of close relationships, unbalanced studies on internalizing and externalizing problematic behaviors, single informant, ignoring cultural differences, absence of sufficient longitudinal and experimental researches, and so on. Finally, we pointed out the directions of future research.