正念研究的分歧：概念与测量

正念是当代临床健康心理学领域出现的一个新概念, 尽管其应用在临床领域取得了瞩目的成绩, 但对于正念的理论研究却亟待加强。在对正念的三阶段概念演进过程及四种取向的测量工具进行了系统梳理与评价后, 发现目前对正念的理论研究存在两大问题。一是概念不够清晰, 它可以指代一种行为(冥想)、心理状态、心理过程, 甚至是一种人格或类人格特质; 二是测量过于多元, 有状态取向、能力取向、认知取向和特质取向。两大问题的核心在于如何理解正念。基于对问题的分析及以往实证研究, 建议可以借鉴价值实践分类体系(Values In Action Classification), 以类特质为取向, 采用兼顾文化共同性和特殊性的方法, 深入挖掘其独特的核心内涵, 在命名、测量上突显个体对当下经验留心的基本特点。

Disagreements of Studies on Mindfulness: Conceptualization and Measurements

Mindfulness is a new concept emerged in the field of contemporary clinical health psychology. Although its application in the field has made remarkable achievements, research on its theories has to be strengthened. After systematically sorted and evaluated the three-stage evolutionary process of the conceptualization as well as four orientations of measurements, it was found there are two big problems in its theoretical researches. For the one, the current Chinese definitions about the concept are not clear enough, which can refer to a kind of activity (meditation), psychological state, psychological process, or even personality trait; for the other, there exist diverse measurements, which are state-oriented, ability-oriented, cognition-oriented and trait-orientated. The core cause is how to understand mindfulness. Based on analysis of current problems and previous empirical studies, the article argues that future research can take reference to “Values In Action Classification”, from the trait orientation, employing the Combined Etic–Emic Approach, digging out its essential connotations, highlighting the basic characteristic of individual experience at the moment in the naming and measurement aspects.