驾驶中移动电话的使用：基于自我调整行为的研究视角

因使用移动电话而导致的“驾驶分心”已成为一种严重的道路安全隐患。驾驶者总体上能意识到其危害, 但在驾驶中使用移动电话的现象很普遍。以往研究不能全面地对这一矛盾予以解释, 长期以来更是忽略了对“驾驶分心中自我调整行为”进行研究, 而这一问题能够直接解释驾驶中的移动电话使用行为。从以下三个方面可以对与驾驶分心中自我调整行为有关的研究进行分析和综述：(1)驾驶中移动电话使用行为的一般规律(类型、频率和危险感知等), 驾驶者对移动电话使用行为的理解是诱发自我调整行为的基础; (2)驾驶情境下移动电话使用中可能触发的自我调整行为, 该部分将主要分析自我调整行为的类型及相关属性; (3)如何对移动电话使用行为和自我调整行为进行预测。总体上, 基于对补偿式安全信念进行理解和度量、并以此为切入点对驾驶中移动电话使用及与其有关的自我调整行为展开研究, 这将有助于更好地理解驾驶分心行为。

Mobile Phone Use while Driving: Self-Regulatory Behavior Based on Compensatory Beliefs

Mobile phone use while driving is one of the most important contributors to driver distraction, and as a significant body of recent research have revealed that this behavior can cause impairments to driving performance. In China, as in many other countries, mobile phone use while driving is illegal. But then, there is an increasing evidence of widespread actual mobile use behaviors while driving. Therefore, when a driver knows the behavior of use mobiles while driving is a risky behavior, and he has to use a mobile phone while driving, then how do they modulate their behaviors accordingly? The fundamental question regarding the effect of competing activities on driver performance or driving safety is whether and how drivers compensatory for any decrease or riskiness in attention to driving task (i.e., self-regulate) to maintain adequate safety margins. Surprisingly, little research has directly addressed this problem. According to current literatures, the following perspectives are used to review this very important issue: (1) mobile phone use while driving and risk perception, (2) the self-regulations uses in the condition of driving, and (3) with use of Theory of Planned Behavior and Compensatory Healthy Beliefs Model, how to predict mobile phone use and corresponding compensatory behaviors.