奖励影响注意选择的认知加工机制

奖励不仅能够塑造行为, 也能影响个体的内部心理过程。在注意选择过程中, 与奖励联结的刺激能够吸引注意资源。当目标刺激与奖励联结时, 能够易化注意选择过程; 当分心刺激与奖励联结时, 能够阻碍注意选择过程。可见, 奖励从不同角度对注意选择产生影响。奖励对注意选择的影响可能有其特有的认知机制, 并且奖励对注意的捕获效应受到许多因素的调节, 如奖励预测、工作记忆容量、人格特质及刺激的新异性。未来的研究应该尝试将奖励影响注意选择的研究成果应用于不良注意偏向临床干预的实践领域。

Toward Understanding the Role of Reward in Attentional Selection

Stimulus associated with reward could capture attention, which was called value-driven attention capture (Anderson, 2013). Reward can facilitate attention selection when it was associated with target; while it would slow down target selection when associated with distractor. Reward exerts great impact on attention deployment by unique cognitive mechanism which can be modulated by various factors such as monetary prediction, capacity of visual working memory, personal characteristics and the salience of stimulus. Future studies should try to apply research findings of value-driven attention capture to the intervention of attention dysfunction.