五论以用户为中心的设计:从自动化到智能时代的自主化以及自动驾驶车

综述人因学在人-自动化交互、人-自主化(autonomy)交互以及人机组队(human-machine teaming)方面的研究,梳理了自动化与自主化的人因学特征和问题,通过建立一个自主化、自动化与人工干预三者之间关系的概念模型来表征自主化人因学的问题空间。总结了智能自主化技术所带来的新型人机合作关系,促使采用新的人因学研究和应用范式,重新评估现有的人因学理论、方法以及今后的研究。针对自主化技术的应用,分析当前自动驾驶车设计中的人因学问题。呼吁在自动驾驶车研发中要重视人因学问题,人因学要提供学科支持和完整的人因学解决方案。

User-Centered Design(V):From Automation to the Autonomy and Autonomous Vehicles in the Intelligence Era

This paper reviews the previous human factors research on human-automated interaction,human-autonomy interaction,and human-machine teaming.It also differentiates the characteristics between automation and autonomy from a human factors perspective.A conceptual model of the relationship among autonomy,automation,and human intervention is proposed to represent the human factors problem space of autonomy.The human factors community needs to re-cast its view of the human-machine collaborative relationship(human-machine teaming)driven by autonomous technology and re-assess the applicability of current human factors theories and methods.The paper also analyzes the human factors issues in the current development of autonomous vehicles.Human factors professionals should proactively engage in the development of autonomous vehicles,provide disciplinary support,and offer complete human factors solutions.