论西方主流伦理理论的前提错误——兼论道德无力症与冷漠症对医疗的影响

从“畏死的恐惧”出发重塑扎根生命的道德基础,即道德行为和“生-生”式的道德关系是人的本真需要,道德权威性的根据是人类生命共同体这一“内在永恒大我”和人的本真存在方式的需要。这拯救了道德相对主义,也使个体作为潜在的人类生命共同体而能以“与永恒相关的生命意义”推开恐惧。进而,道德行为是出于内在自由而达于实在的自由的。道德主体应具备的道德实践能力包括独立能力、通达能力和勇气。生存性境况中的原子式个体不具备道德实践能力,生命境况中的“超个体的个体”才有此能力。由此,人类道德无力症和道德冷漠症的根源是西方主流伦理理论的前提错误,即以原子式个体充任道德主体。它是医疗纠纷和暴力频发的原因。

On the Premise Error of the Western Mainstream Ethical Theory:The Influence of Moral Weakness and Moral Apathy on Medical Care

Firstly,this paper reshapes the moral foundation rooted in life with "fear of death",that is,moral behavior and moral relation of "creating-creating" mode are the real needs of human beings,the basis of moral authority is the "inner and eternal great ego" of " human life community",and the need of the way of human being's true existence.This not only saves the moral relativism,but also enables the individual,as a potential human life community,to push away fear with the "life meaning related to eternity".Furthermore,we find that morality comes from inner freedom and reaches real freedom.Thus,the moral practice abilities that the moral subject should possess include inner freedom,accessibility and courage.The atomic individual in the survival situation does not have moral practice ability,while the "individual beyond individuality" in the life situation has moral practice ability.It is found that the root of moral weakness and moral apathy faced by contemporary human beings lies in the premise error of the western mainstream ethical theory,that is,atomic individual acts as the moral subject.This is also the main reason for frequent disputes and even violence in medical care.