基于意定监护制度对预先医疗指示的思考

鉴于中国大陆地区尚未建立预先医疗指示制度,为保证患者自主权,尊重其医疗意愿,可通过《民法总则》规定的意定监护制度实现预先医疗指示,其理由在于二者存在相同的法理基础、双向交叉的概念内涵以及现实实践基础。但依据现有法律规制实践过程中仍然存在不足,包括协议缔结的具体规定不明确、生效条件模糊、监督机制欠缺等问题。为解决这些问题,考虑完善相关法律规定,明确主体资格,制定合理的缔结程序,严格限制生效条件,建立监督机制等。

Reflection on the Advance Medical Directives from the Perspective of Mandatory Guardianship System

Given no advanced medical directives system in mainland China,advanced medical directives can be realized through the mandatory guardianship system stipulated in the general principles of civil law,to ensure patients' autonomy and respect their medical will.The reason is that they have the same legal basis,concept connotation of two-way intersection and practical basis.However,there are still some drawbacks in practice,including unclear regulation impacts,vague entry-into-force conditions and insufficient supervision.To delve into these problems,we should consider to perfect relevant laws and regulations,clarify the qualification of the main body,formulate reasonable conclusion procedures,strictly limit the effective conditions and establish a supervision mechanism.