The information conveyed by words in sentences |
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Authors: | Hale John |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Cognitive Science, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218 |
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Abstract: | A method is presented for calculating the amount of information conveyed to a hearer by a speaker emitting a sentence generated by a probabilistic grammar known to both parties. The method applies the work of Grenander (1967) to the intermediate states of a top-down parser. This allows the uncertainty about structural ambiguity to be calculated at each point in a sentence. Subtracting these values at successive points gives the information conveyed by a word in a sentence. Word-by-word information conveyed is calculated for several small probabilistic grammars, and it is suggested that the number of bits conveyed per word is a determinant of reading times and other measures of cognitive load. |
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Keywords: | computational psycholinguistics entropy reduction |
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