气质性乐观与心理健康关系的元分析

运用元分析方法分别探讨了气质性乐观与心理健康的积极指标和消极指标的关系。共有106项研究满足了元分析的标准,涉及气质性乐观与心理健康积极指标的研究有70项,包括83个独立样本(N=30627);涉及气质性乐观与心理健康消极指标的研究有75项,包括105个独立样本(N=39064)。元分析结果发现:(1)整体上气质性乐观与心理健康积极指标有显著正相关(r=0.41),与心理健康消极指标有显著负相关(r=-0.41)。(2)气质性乐观与不同心理健康指标的相关有显著差异,积极指标中,与自尊的相关最高;消极指标中,与抑郁的相关最高。(3)气质性乐观测量工具的差异对其与心理健康的关系没有显著影响。(4)不同年龄阶段群体中气质性乐观与心理健康的关系没有显著差异。(5)文化背景差异对两者的关系有显著影响,西方文化中气质性乐观与心理健康的相关高于东方文化中的相关。

A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Dispositional Optimism and Mental Health

This study assessed quantitatively the relationship of dispositional optimism and the positive standards and negative standards of mental health utilizing meta-analysis.For the positive standards of mental health 70 studies (including a total of 83 independent samples,30627 participants),and for the negative standards of mental health 75 studies (including a total of 105 independent samples,39064 participants) met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis.The results showed: (1) Overall,the correlations between dispositional optimism and mental health were highly strong (r=0.41 for positive standards of mental health and r=-0.41 for negative standards of mental health).(2) Different standards of mental health moderated the correlation, the correlation of between dispositional optimism and self-esteem is highest among positive standards,the correlation of between dispositional optimism and depression is highest among negative standards.(3) Additionally,results indicated that dispositional optimism measure used didn't moderate the correlation between dispositional optimism and mental health (both for positive standards and negative standards of mental health).(4) Results indicated that age didn't moderate the correlation between dispositional optimism and mental health.(5) Cultural differences moderated the correlation significantly,the correlation in the western culture is higher than in the eastern culture.