流动儿童压力应对方式与抑郁感、社交焦虑的关系:一项追踪研究

为了探讨流动儿童压力应对方式与抑郁感、社交焦虑的变化特点及其动态关系,本研究通过整群抽样法从5所北京市公立学校和1所打工子弟学校选取1164名流动儿童,采用问卷调查的形式对其进行为期一年的追踪测查,追踪时回收有效数据680份.对前、后测均参加调查的680名被试的数据进行分析,结果发现:(1)经过一年的城市适应,流动儿童整体的积极应对增多,消极应对减少,抑郁感下降,但社交焦虑水平无明显变化;(2)流动儿童个体在压力应对、抑郁感、社交焦虑的发展上均表现出两极分化的现象,年龄越小、来京时间越短、低年级及女生流动儿童群体的发展趋势更为良好;(3)流动儿童压力应对方式与抑郁感、社交焦虑间存在相互作用的动态关系,前测压力应对方式、抑郁感、社交焦虑均能显著预测后测相应变量的水平,前后测压力应对方式对抑郁感、社交焦虑均有即时预测作用,而前测抑郁感和社交焦虑对后测压力应对方式有不同的延时性影响.

The Relationship Between Stress Coping,Depression And Social Anxiety Among Migrant Children: A Longitudinal Study

The purpose of present study was to explore the development of migrant children’s stress coping,depression and social anxiety,as well as the dynamic relationship between them.Based on cluster sampling,1,164 migrant children from 5 public schools and 1 migrant school were selected to participate in the study at Time 1 and 680 of them were tracked at Time2 over a one year interval.The analysis was based on the data from these 680 participants who have participated in both surveys.The results showed that:(1) During one-year’s adaptation,migrant children’s entire level of positive coping was enhanced,and negative coping and depression were decreased,while the level of social anxiety has no significant change.(2) In individual level,a polarization phenomenon emerged in migrant children’s stress coping,depression and social anxiety;younger,female,migrant children in primary grades and those who have just migrate into the city followed the better developmental pattern.(3) There was a mutual effect in the dynamic relationship between stress coping,depression and social anxiety among migrant children:pretest stress coping,depression and social anxiety could positively predict their corresponding posttest level;both pretest and posttest stress coping could predict the immediate depression and social anxiety of migrant children,while pretest depression and social anxiety took different delayed effect on posttest stress coping.