儿童中期亲子依恋与焦虑症状的交叉滞后分析

以Kerns依恋安全性量表、Spence儿童焦虑量表为研究工具,对2所普通小学的472名三年级学生进行为期1年的追踪,考察儿童中期亲子依恋和焦虑症状的发展变化,以及亲子依恋与焦虑症状之间的关系。结果发现:(1)儿童中期的亲子依恋和焦虑症状在1年内较为稳定,分离焦虑、社交恐惧、恐慌障碍和强迫冲动障碍表现出一定的发展变化。(2)亲子依恋与焦虑症状呈显著负相关,依恋越安全,儿童的焦虑水平越低。(3)交叉滞后分析显示,亲子依恋在更大程度上影响儿童焦虑;母子依恋只具有同时性的影响,父子依恋既有同时性也有继时性的影响。(4)安全型父子依恋能够有效缓解不安全母子依恋的消极影响,安全型母子依恋对不安全父子依恋的补偿作用较小。

A Cross-lagged Analysis of the Relationship between Parent-Child Attachment and Anxiety Symptoms in Middle Childhood

This longitudinal study investigated 472 children of 3rd grade from two ordinary primary schools twice (one year in between) to explore the development of parent-child attachment and anxiety symptoms in middle childhood,as well as the relationships between parent-child attachment and anxiety symptoms by Kerns Attachment Security Scale and Spence Children Anxiety Scale.The results indicated as follows: (1) Both parent-child attachment and anxiety symptoms in mid-childhood existed stability to some extent,and separation anxiety,social phobia,panic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder manifested developmental changes.(2) Parent-child attachment correlated negatively and significantly with children's anxiety,which meant that the higher attachment security was,the lower anxiety levels were.(3) Cross-lagged analyses indicated that parent-child attachment influenced children's anxiety,and maternal attachment has short-term effects,but paternal attachment has shortterm and long-term effects on children's anxiety.(4) Secure paternal attachment buffered effectively the negative effect of insecure maternal attachment,but secure maternal attachment did not buffer the negative effect of insecure paternal attachment.