小学高年级学生的学习判断绝对准确性及预见偏差

本研究以小学高年级学生为被试,选取高熟悉度的具体名词组成的联结词对为实验材料,考察不同判断模式下学习判断的准确性及预见偏差。研究发现:(1)小学高年级学生的学习判断绝对准确性存在年级差异。总体来看,小学六年级学生在即时判断和延迟判断模式下都具有较好的绝对准确性,而四年级和五年级学生在即时判断时出现显著的高估,而在延迟判断模式下具有较好的绝对准确性。具体分析正向词对和反向词对的准确性发现,在即时判断模式下,五、六年级学生的正向联结词对有较好的准确性,而四年级的正向联结词对出现高估;三个年级的学生的反向词对都出现高估。在延迟判断模式下,三个年级学生在正向词对和反向词对上都有较好的准确性。(2)小学五年级学生的学习判断开始出现预见偏差。(3)延迟判断能够提高小学高年级学生的学习判断准确性,减小甚至消除预见偏差。

Judgments of Learning of The Higher Graders in Elementary School: Absolute Accuracy and the Foresight Bias

In the present study,4~6th graders of primary school participated in the experiment,and the concrete noun pairs were selected as experimental materials.Experiment 1 explored the foresight bias of immediate JOLs.In experiment 1,subjects were instructed that they would have to study 30 paired associates and would have to indicate their JOLs about each pair as soon as it disappeared from the screen.They were told that in the test phase,they would see each stimulus word in turn and would be asked to recall the corresponding response word.Experiment 2 explored the foresight bias of delayed JOLs.The conclusions are that(1) there are age differences in the absolute accuracy of immediate JOLs.Specially,age differences are different in the forward and backward associations.(2)There are age differences in the foresight bias.When students making immediate JOL,there were foresight biases in the JOLs of fifth and sixth graders,but not in the JOLs of fourth-graders.(3) Foresight bias induces students to overestimate their memory.Delayed JOL can reduce the foresight bias.