相生相成：拥有生命意义与亲社会行为相互关系的纵向研究

本研究旨在探讨拥有生命意义与亲社会行为的相互关系。研究1对我国10省15所高校2375名学生的拥有生命意义、亲社会行为进行横断面调查。研究2对四川某高校878名学生的拥有生命意义和亲社会行为进行间隔三个月和六个月的三次追踪测量。结果发现：大学生拥有生命意义与亲社会行为具有相互促进的关系，拥有生命意义能稳定正向预测亲社会行为，亲社会行为也能够在一定程度上促进拥有生命意义，但这种促进作用不够稳定；拥有生命意义对利他的、情绪的、匿名的、依从的、紧急的亲社会行为有显著正向影响；而只有利他的亲社会行为能显著预测拥有生命意义。

Considering the Reciprocal Relationship between Meaning in Life and Prosocial Behavior: A Cross-lagged Analysis

The presence of meaning (MLP) is individual's understanding of themselves, the world around them and their position in the world, as well as their missions, goals and purpose of life. According to the Self-determination Theory, individuals with higher MLP may have strong internal motivation to act in line with goals and conduct of prosocial behaviors (PB). This research aimed to examine the two-way relationship between the MLP and PB of college students.In Study 1, the presence sub-scale of Meaning in Life Questionnaire and Prosocial Tendencies Measure were administered for 2375 students from 15 universities within 10 provinces in China. The results showed that the MLP was significantly correlated with PB. After controlling gender and age, MLP could significantly predict PB, which can explain 8% of variation in PB. In turn, PB could also significantly predict MLP, which can explain 8% of variation in MLP. MLP could significantly predict dire, public, altruism, compliant, emotional and anonymous PB. That is to say, the higher the degree of MLP, the higher the individual's score in six different types of PB; public, altruism and anonymous PB had a significant positive predictive effect on MLP.In Study 2, cross-track lag analysis method was used to investigate reciprocal relationship between MLP and PB. This study was conducted three times on the MLP and PB of 878 students from a university in Sichuan. The second survey (T2) was scheduled 3 months after the initial survey (T1), and the last survey (T3) was placed 6 months after the completion of T2. After controlling gender and age, cross lagged analysis shows that MLP at T1 could positively predict their PB at T2, and MLP at T2 could also further positively predict their PB at T3. However, their PB at T1 could positively predict MLP at T2, while PB at T2 could not significantly predict MLP at T3. Specifically, after controlling gender and age，MLP at T1 had a significant positive predictive effect on dire, altruism, and emotional PB at T2；Except for public PB, MLP at T2 could positively predict the other five types of PB at T3. But in turn, only altruism PB at T1 had a significant positive effect on MLP at T2.The results of this study show that MLP and PB can promote each other, MLP can predict PB positively. To a certain extent PB can also predict MLP, but the predictive effect is not stable; MLP had a significant positive influence on altruism, emotional, anonymous, compliant and dire PB, but only altruism PB had a significant positive effect on MLP.