老年人的元刻板印象及其对社会互动的影响

本研究考察了老年人的元刻板印象及其对老年人社会互动的影响。预研究以35名老年人为被试，通过访谈和开放式问卷，获得老年人积极与消极元刻板印象形容词。正式研究以140名老年人为被试，通过问卷调查，首先确定老年人元刻板印象的内容与结构；然后分析发现，当老年人作为社会互动的接受方时：（1）积极元刻板印象正向预测其接受外群体帮助的意愿（包括自主定向帮助和依赖定向帮助），并且接受帮助可引发积极受助体验；（2）消极元刻板印象只正向预测老年人接受外群体自主定向帮助的意愿，且持消极元刻板印象的老年人受助体验消极。当老年人作为社会互动的发出方时；（3）积极元刻板印象正向预测老年人社会参与的频率和他们对外群体的施助意愿；（4）消极元刻板印象对施助意愿和社会参与的预测作用均不显著。综上，老年人的积极元刻板印象能促进他们的社会互动，并使他们获得良好的互动体验。

The Meta-stereotypes of Elderly People and Their Consequences for Social Interaction

The present research investigated the content of Chinese elderly people's meta-stereotypes and their consequences for social interaction. We first collected the words of positive and negative meta-stereotypes of elderly people through interviews and open-ended questionnaires in a pilot study. In the formal study, 132 elderly participants were recruited to complete a questionnaire involving a table of meta-stereotype words, the intergroup help receiving scale, the recipient feeling scale, the intergroup help giving scale, and the social participation scale. The results showed that elderly people's positive meta-stereotypes positively predicted their willingness to accept both autonomy-oriented and dependency-oriented help from outgroup members, and receiving such help elicited their positive feelings. Their negative meta-stereotypes only predicted their willingness to accept autonomy-oriented help from outgroup members, but receiving such help elicited their negative feelings. The positive meta-stereotypes of elderly people also positively predicted their willingness to help outgroup members and the frequency of their participating in social activities, but negative meta-stereotypes were not significant predictors.