Affective Functioning Among Early Adolescents at High and Low Familial Risk for Depression and Their Mothers: A Focus on Individual and Transactional Processes across Contexts |
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Authors: | Dana L McMakin Katie L Burkhouse Thomas M Olino Greg J Siegle Ronald E Dahl Jennifer S Silk |
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Institution: | (1) School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara Street, #322 Loeffler Building, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;(2) School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA |
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Abstract: | This study aimed to characterize affective functioning in families of youth at high familial risk for depression, with particular
attention to features of affective functioning that appear to be critical to adaptive functioning but have been underrepresented
in prior research including: positive and negative affect across multiple contexts, individual and transactional processes, and affective flexibility. Interactions among early adolescents (ages 9–14) and their mothers were
coded for affective behaviors across both positive and negative contexts. Primary analyses compared never-depressed youth
at high (n = 44) and low (n = 57) familial risk for depression. The high risk group showed a relatively consistent pattern for low positive affect across
negative and positive contexts at both the individual and transactional level. In contrast to prior studies focusing on negative
contexts that did not support disruptions in negative affect among high risk youth, the data from this study suggest variability
by context (i.e. increased negativity in a positive, but not negative, context), and individual vs. transactional processes (e.g., negative escalation). Findings are discussed in concert
with attention to affect flexibility, contextual and transactional factors. |
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