Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory |
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Authors: | Eysenck Michael W Derakshan Nazanin Santos Rita Calvo Manuel G |
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Affiliation: | Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, London, United Kingdom. m.eysenck@rhul.ac.uk |
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Abstract: | Attentional control theory is an approach to anxiety and cognition representing a major development of Eysenck and Calvo's (1992) processing efficiency theory. It is assumed that anxiety impairs efficient functioning of the goal-directed attentional system and increases the extent to which processing is influenced by the stimulus-driven attentional system. In addition to decreasing attentional control, anxiety increases attention to threat-related stimuli. Adverse effects of anxiety on processing efficiency depend on two central executive functions involving attentional control: inhibition and shifting. However, anxiety may not impair performance effectiveness (quality of performance) when it leads to the use of compensatory strategies (e.g., enhanced effort; increased use of processing resources). Directions for future research are discussed. |
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