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Feeling safe at work: Development and validation of the Psychological Safety Inventory |
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| Authors: | Rachel A. Plouffe Natalie Ein Jenny J. W. Liu Kate St. Cyr Clara Baker Anthony Nazarov J. Don Richardson |
| Affiliation: | 1. MacDonald Franklin Operational Stress Injury Research Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada;2. MacDonald Franklin Operational Stress Injury Research Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;3. MacDonald Franklin Operational Stress Injury Research Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;4. MacDonald Franklin Operational Stress Injury Research Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;5. MacDonald Franklin Operational Stress Injury Research Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada St. Joseph's Operational Stress Injury Clinic, Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada |
| Abstract: | Psychological safety, defined as perceptions that an individual within a team is supported and feels safe to take interpersonal risks, voice opinions, and share ideas, is vital for organizational effectiveness. However, there is no consensus on how workplace psychological safety should be measured. We developed the Psychological Safety Inventory (PSI) in response to organizational needs to accurately assess psychological safety. A 70-item version of the PSI was administered to 497 employees from Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Based on factor analytic findings, we reduced the preliminary PSI to a 30-item, five-factor scale. The PSI showed high reliability and correlated as anticipated with convergent measures. Overall, the PSI is a valid and reliable measure of workplace psychological safety. |
| Keywords: | psychological safety psychometrics scale validation teams workplace |