汉语听觉词汇加工中声调信息对语义激活的制约作用

进行了三个跨通道启动词汇判断实验，探讨汉语听觉词汇加工中声调信息对语义激活的制约作用。实验一和二使用具有相同音段信息、但不同声调信息的双音节合成词（如“条约”和“跳跃”）作为听觉启动词，与其中一个词有语义关系的双字词作为视觉探测词。语义启动词与其配对的声调不匹配词在第一音节的声调、第二音节的声调、或两个声调上有所不同。实验三改变语义启动词的第一或第二音节的声调，以产生声调不匹配的假词启动项；实验三还同时变化了原来的声调与产生的声调之间的相似性。实验结果表明，声调不匹配的启动项目是否产生显著的启动效应取决于词汇竞争的环境、声调输入与深层声调表征之间匹配的程度，以及不匹配的声调所在的位置。文章从语音输入中的声调信息如何激活词汇表征、声调信息如何存储在心理词典中、声调对语义激活的制约作用如何受竞争环境的影响这三个方面讨论了研究的发现。

Constraints of Lexical Tone on Semantic Activation in Chinese Spoken Word Recognition

Constraints of lexical tones on semantic activation on the recognition of spoken words in Chinese were investigated in three cross modal priming lexical decision experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, disyllabic compound words that shared the same segmental templates but differed in lexical tones (e.g., tiao4 yue4, jump vs. tiao2 yue1, treaty ; numbers denote tone types) were used as auditory primes while words that were semantically related to one of the pairs were visually presented for lexical decision. The semantic primes and the tone mismatch primes differed in tones of the first, the second, or both syllables. In Experiment 3, nonword tone mismatch primes were created by changing the first or the second tones of semantic primes. The similarity between the original tones and the resulting tones was also manipulated. It was found that the appearance of significant priming effects for the tone mismatch primes depended on lexical competition environment, the goodness of fit between input tones and underlying tones, and the constituent position of mismatching tones. The results are discussed in terms of how tonal information in speech input is mapped onto the lexicon, how tonal information is represented in the lexicon, and how tonal constraints on semantic activation are influenced by competition environment.