Comparison of extra- and within-stimulus prompting to teach prepositional discriminations to preschool children with developmental disabilities |
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| Authors: | Jane A Summers PhD Arnold Rincover PhD Maurice A Feldman PhD |
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| Institution: | (1) Kennedy Krieger Institute and The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;(2) Welland School Board, Weiland, Ontario;(3) Surrey Place Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario;(4) Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 North Broadway, 21205 Baltimore, Maryland |
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| Abstract: | This study compared extra-stimulus to within-stimulus prompts in teaching children with developmental disabilities to discriminate the prepositional concepts  In and On. Five preschool-aged children who had difficulty discriminating verbal instructions participated. Extra-stimulus prompts involved modeling, gestures, positioning, and auditory cues which did not form part of the target discrimination. Within-stimulus prompts manipulated the volume and intonational pattern of the verbal stimuli. Four children did not learn the discrimination with extra-stimulus prompting. All four of these children, plus a fifth child who did not have prior experience with extra-stimulus prompting, reached criterion in the within-stimulus prompting condition. The success of the within-stimulus prompts may be related to their enhancing phonetic differences between the verbal stimuli. |
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| Keywords: | auditory discrimination training within-stimulus prompting |
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