Stimulus perseveration in a water maze following exposure to controllable and uncontrollable shock |
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| Authors: | C Szostak H Anisman |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Australian Consultants for Capacity Building, Melbourne, Australia;2. Department of Marketing, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia;3. Department of Marketing, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh;1. Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Finland;2. College of Business Administration at Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates;3. K J Somaiya Institute of Management, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Mumbai, India;4. Graduate School of Business Administration, Keio University, Japan;5. Department of Management, School of Business & Law, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway;6. Norwegian School of Hotel Management, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway;7. Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa;1. Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany;2. Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;3. Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands;1. Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, CentraleSupélec, University Paris-Saclay, 8-10 Rue Joliot-Curie, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;2. LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ University Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne University, CNRS, 11 Bd d’Alembert, 78280, Guyancourt, France;3. Planetary Environments Laboratory (Code 699), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA;4. School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 42 W. Warren Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA;5. Space Science Exploration Division (Code 690), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA |
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| Abstract: | When placed in a water-filled maze, mice display a pronounced preference for the illuminated over the nonilluminated arm of the maze. Exposure to inescapable shock increased the time spent in the illuminated arm of the maze, and decreased the frequency of entries into the nonilluminated arm. When animals that had received shock entered the nonilluminated arm they exhibited more activity per second than nonstressed animals. Controllability over the stressor enhanced the preference for the illuminated arm; however, the contribution of this variable was dependent on the number of shock trials mice received. Following 180 escapable or inescapable shock presentations the preference for the illuminated arm was enhanced. The propensity to approach the illuminated arm declined following a greater number (360) of escapable shock trials, while the preference for the illuminated arm did not decline in mice that received inescapable shock. Both escapable and inescapable shock were also found to produce a transient disruption of discrimination performance in a task where animals were required to emit a contraprepared response (swim to dark), whereas these treatments were without effect on performance of the highly prepared response of approaching the illuminated arm. It is provisionally suggested that enhancement of the perseveration represents an innate response to stressful stimuli, but as animals learn mastery over the response contingencies, the persistence in adopting such a response strategy wanes. Moreover, despite the differential effects of escapable and inescapable shock on the perseverative tendency, discrimination accuracy may not be differentially affected by these treatments in a task where acquisition progresses quickly and where explicit cues are associated with the correct and incorrect arms of the maze. |
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