学前儿童欺骗及欺骗策略发展的研究

选取130名学前儿童,采用“找钱币”欺骗任务和标准误信念任务,研究学前儿童欺骗及欺骗策略的发生、发展。结果发现:随年龄增长,采用“破坏证据”和“说谎”欺骗策略的人数呈下降趋势,采用四种联合策略的人数则呈上升趋势;即使3岁儿童也能出示“破坏证据”和“说谎”这两种行为主义的欺骗策略,但“制造虚假痕迹”的心理主义欺骗策略在4岁以后才开始出现;3岁、6岁儿童的误信念理解与欺骗策略不相关,而4岁和5岁儿童的则相关。

A Study on the Development of Preschooler's Deception and Deceptive Strategies

The purpose of the study was to explore the development of the preschooler's deception and deceptive strategies.We adopted the deceptive task of "finding the coins",the results showed that:(1) the number of the preschoolers who adopted the deceptive strategy of lying and the deceptive strategy of destroying proof decreased with age,and the number of the preschoolers who adopted four deceptive strategies increased with age.;(2) 3-year-old children showed both the deceptive strategy of lying and the deceptive strategy of destroying proof,but it was not until age 4 that the deceptive strategy of "making false mark" could be shown;(3) there was no significant correlation between understanding the false-belief and adopting the deceptive strategies for children aged 3 and 6,but there was a significant correlation between understanding the false-belief and adopting the deceptive strategies for children aged 4 and 5.