Instrumental learning in preschool children as a function of type of task, type of reward, and some organismic variables |
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Authors: | A M Clarke L L Viney I K Waterhouse J Lord |
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Affiliation: | Macquarie University, Australia |
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Abstract: | The effects on instrumental behavior of differences in type of task, type of reward and three organismic variables were investigated in preschool children. The main results were that: (a) an imitative task was acquired in fewer trials than a nonimitative task; (b) social reward in acquisition led to greater resistance to extinction; (c) a history of frequent social reinforcement from peers led to persistence in responding during extinction for boys only; (d) extraversion was found to interact with the variables of task and reward in errors made during extinction; and (e) intelligence was not found to be a reliable predictor of main acquisition and extinction measures or related errors. Detailed analysis of the different types of errors contributed directly to the interpretation of these findings. |
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Keywords: | Requests for reprints should be sent to Nancy A. Myers Department of Psychology University of Massachusetts Amherst Mass. 01002. |
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