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Instrumental learning in preschool children as a function of type of task, type of reward, and some organismic variables
Authors:A M Clarke  L L Viney  I K Waterhouse  J Lord
Affiliation:Macquarie University, Australia
Abstract:The effects on instrumental behavior of differences in type of task, type of reward and three organismic variables were investigated in preschool children. The main results were that: (a) an imitative task was acquired in fewer trials than a nonimitative task; (b) social reward in acquisition led to greater resistance to extinction; (c) a history of frequent social reinforcement from peers led to persistence in responding during extinction for boys only; (d) extraversion was found to interact with the variables of task and reward in errors made during extinction; and (e) intelligence was not found to be a reliable predictor of main acquisition and extinction measures or related errors. Detailed analysis of the different types of errors contributed directly to the interpretation of these findings.
Keywords:Requests for reprints should be sent to Nancy A. Myers   Department of Psychology   University of Massachusetts   Amherst   Mass. 01002.
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