儿童同伴信任和同伴接纳的关系:社会行为的中介效应及其性别差异

在金华市和杭州市两所市区普通小学, 选取366名3~6年级儿童为被试, 采用同伴互评、同伴提名法和班级戏剧问卷, 考察了社会行为在小学儿童同伴信任和同伴接纳间的中介效应及其性别差异。结果表明:(1)总体而言, 亲社会行为、退缩行为在儿童同伴信任和同伴接纳间存在显著的中介效应, 而攻击行为的中介效应不显著;(2)社会行为的中介效应存在性别差异。女生的同伴信任对亲社会行为的预测、亲社会行为对同伴接纳的预测作用都显著高于男生, 使得女生亲社会行为的中介效应大于男生。男女生的同伴信任对退缩行为的预测作用没有性别差异, 但是男生的退缩行为对同伴接纳的预测作用显著高于女生, 使得男生退缩行为的中介效应大于女生。

The Mediating Role of Social Behavior between Children's Trust in Peers and Peer Acceptance and Its Gender Difference

Previous studies have consistently shown that children's trust in others has positive effect on their peer relationship. However, the mechanism of how children's trust influence peer relationship is still unclear. This study tested the mediating role of social behavior on the relation between trust in peers and peer acceptance. The gender difference of the effect was also explored. Participants were 366 children (198 boys and 168 girls) from grade 3 to grade 6. Participants were tested on trust in peers, social behavior (i.e., prosocial behavior, withdrawal behavior, aggressive behavior), and peer acceptance. The results revealed:(1) Both prosocial and withdrawal behaviors were significant mediators on the relation between children's trust and peer acceptance, whereas the mediating effect of aggressive behavior was not significant. (2) There were also significant gender differences in the mediating effect of social behavior: the mediating effect of prosocial behavior was stronger for girls than boys and the mediating effect of withdrawal behavior was stronger for boys than girls. These findings thus offer a new insight into how children's trust influences their peer relationship.