Two dissociable aspects of feeling-of-knowing: knowing that you know and knowing that you do not know |
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Authors: | Liu Yan Su Yanjie Xu Guoqing Chan Raymond C K |
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Affiliation: | a Peking University, Beijing, P. R. Chinab Learning & Cognition Laboratory, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. Chinac Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P. R. Chinad Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China |
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Abstract: | Feeling-of-knowing judgement is traditionally regarded as a unitary cognitive process. However, recent research suggests that knowing that you know (positive feeling-of-knowing) and knowing that you do not know (negative feeling-of-knowing) have different neural substrates (Luo, Niki, Ying, & Luo, 2004). In the present study, we used a paradigm adapted from Koriat and Levy-Sadot (2001) to examine whether positive feeling-of-knowing and negative feeling-of-knowing were mediated by distinct cognitive processes. We found that positive and negative feeling-of-knowing were dissociated during immediate feeling-of-knowing judgements (i.e., preliminary feeling-of-knowing) and delayed feeling-of-knowing judgements (i.e., postretrieval feeling-of-knowing). At the judgement intervals, positive feeling-of-knowing was based on partial recovery of the nonrecalled targets, whereas negative feeling-of-knowing was determined by familiarity with the retrieval cues. Our results suggest that feeling-of-knowing is a heterogeneous process. |
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