问题解决中图式的建构:一项应用题分类研究

以小学三、四年级的60名儿童为被试,采用对基本算术应用题分类的方法测量图式,探讨了图式的作用以及影响图式获得的因素。结果表明,被试对问题的分类有前图式水平、图式水平、按解题程序分类三种情况,前两个水平又分成若干亚水平;图式的水平对问题解决成绩有预测作用;图式的水平和问题解决成绩均有显著的性别差异,女生优于男生。

The Construction of Schema in Problem-solving:Study on Children's Categorizing for Word Problems

Schema was measured by 60 third and fourth graders' categorizing for simple arithmetical word problems. Results showed that the participants classified these problems respectively on schematic level or pre-schematic level or procedural level. Performances on problem solving were different between schematic level and pre-schematic level, pre-schematic level and procedural level. There were significant gender differences on schema level and performances on problem solving. Concretely, girls exceeded boys.