Temperament,Family Environment and Anxiety in Preschool Children |
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Authors: | Jennifer L Hudson Helen F Dodd Nataly Bovopoulos |
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Institution: | (1) Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia |
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Abstract: | This research examines the relationship between behavioural inhibition (BI), family environment (overinvolved and negative
parenting, parental anxiety and parent-child attachment) and anxiety in a sample of 202 preschool children. Participants were
aged between 3 years 2 months and 4 years 5 months, 101 were male. A thorough methodology was used that incorporated data
from multiple observations of behaviour, diagnostic interviews and questionnaire measures. The results showed that children
categorised as behaviourally inhibited were significantly more likely to meet criteria for a range of anxiety diagnoses. Furthermore,
a wide range of family environment factors, including maternal anxiety, parenting and attachment were significantly associated
with BI, with inhibited children more likely to experience adverse family environment factors. No interactions between temperament
and family environment were found for child anxiety. However, a significant relationship between current maternal anxiety
and child anxiety was found consistently even after controlling for BI. Additionally, there was some evidence of a relationship
between maternal negativity and child anxiety, after controlling for BI. The results may suggest that temperament and family
environment operate as additive, rather than interactive risk factors for child anxiety. This is discussed in the context
of theoretical models of child anxiety and directions for future research. |
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Keywords: | |
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