Contesting orientations,self-determined motivation,and sportspersonship: Further validation of the contesting orientations scale |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Educator Preparation, Innovation and Research, University of Missouri, St. Louis, United States;2. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Saint Louis Community College-Meramec, United States;1. Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, INEFC Barcelona University, Avda. De l’Estadi, 12-22, 08038 Barcelona, Spain;2. EUSES, University of Girona, Carrer de Francesc Macia, 65, 17190 Salt, Spain;3. West Chester University, 700 S. High St, West Chester, PA 19382, USA;4. Univ. St. Cyril and Methodius, Zeleznicka BB, 1000 Skopje, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia;5. Florida State University, 600 W. College Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;1. University of South Wales, Alfred Russel Wallace Building, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK;2. School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK;1. Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden;2. Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden;3. School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia;4. School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom;5. Department of Performing Arts and English, University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU1 3JU, England, United Kingdom;6. Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, Faculty of Dance, Laban building, Creekside, London, SE8 3DZ, England, United Kingdom;1. Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Australia;2. Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Canada;3. Western Sydney University, Australia;4. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France;1. Department of Sport, Health, and Exercise Science, University of Hull, United Kingdom;2. Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, United Kingdom;3. School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Australia |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesTo examine the factorial validity of the Contesting Orientations Scale (COS) in a large sample of intercollegiate student-athletes, as well as to extend evidence of the COS’ concurrent validity by examining its relationship to autonomous and controlled motivations in sport. The ability of contesting orientations to predict sportspersonship over and above autonomous and controlled motivations was also examined.DesignCross-sectional and correlational.MethodsFive hundred and forty-four intercollegiate US athletes (57.2% male) from individual and team sports completed measures of contesting orientations, autonomous and controlled motivations, and sportspersonship.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the factorial validity of the COS, while correlational results supported its concurrent construct validity, with autonomous motivation associated with higher levels of partnership orientation and controlled motivation associated with higher levels of war orientation. In addition, sequential regression analyses supported the predictive utility of contesting orientations, with partnership orientation emerging as a significant positive predictor of four – and war orientation a negative predictor of three – dimensions of sportspersonship. Mediation analyses suggested that contesting orientations may partially mediate the relationship between autonomous and controlled motivations for some dimensions of sportspersonship.ConclusionsThe COS is a valid and reliable measure of contesting orientations. Partnership and war contesting orientations, moreover, add significantly to the prediction of sportspersonship over and above autonomous and controlled motivations. In practice, if the goal is to promote good sportspersonship, coaches and other adults involved in competitive sport should emphasize a partnership contesting orientation in addition to more autonomous forms of motivation. |
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| Keywords: | Contesting orientation Contesting theory Autonomous motivation Controlled motivation Self-determination theory Sportsmanship |
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