Transient cardiac responses to witnessing horrible events in young adult female exercisers and non-exercisers |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria;2. Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology Unit, University of Graz, Austria;1. School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, Australia;2. Iowa State University, Department of Kinesiology, Ames, IA, USA;3. Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, Australia;4. Biostatistics, Pro Vice Chancellors Office, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, Australia;5. School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;1. Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia;2. Tennis Australia, Melbourne, Australia;3. Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia;4. Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;5. Te Oranga School of Human Development and Movement Studies, University of Waikato, New Zealand;1. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-3034, USA;2. Escola Superior de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, CEP 96055-630, Pelotas, RS, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesIt has been proposed that regular exercisers may be less vulnerable to the effects of stress and better able to cope with aversive events than people who are sedentary, but findings have not been consistent. In the present study, physiological variables indicating specific relevant psychological processes were used to objectively assess women's responses to stressful events.Design and MethodNon-exercising (n = 56) and regularly exercising women (up to 4 h, n = 62, and more than 4 h per week, n = 50) were viewing an aversive film consisting of scenes of real injury and death, and their transient cardiac responses to sudden horrifying events happening to persons in the film were obtained, as well as changes of prefrontal-posterior coupling, measured by EEG.ResultsCompared to regularly exercising women, non-exercising women showed a clearly more pronounced second accelerative component of the transient heart rate response to the terrifying events, indicating greater sensitivity of the avoidance (defensive) motivational system and heightened sensitivity to aversive stimuli. Moreover, non-exercising women did not show the expected characteristic initial heart rate acceleration when the scene approached its fatal end, that is, more rigid responding, and EEG data indicated less susceptibility to affect-laden information at the perceptual level.ConclusionsThe findings support the notion of less adaptive coping with adverse events in sedentary compared to exercising women and add to the growing evidence suggesting a stress-buffering effect of regular exercise, therefore promoting resilience and resistance to the negative impact of stressor and trauma exposure. |
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| Keywords: | Physical activity Heart rate Reactivity Cardiac defense Depression |
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